Mechanisms of action of intranuclear microRNAs. Part 2. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of ncRNA transcriptome and alternative splicing

The scientific review presents the mechanisms of action intranuclear miRNAs, namely microRNA-mediated regulation non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcriptome and alternative splicing. To write article, information was searched using Scopus, Web Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Global Health, Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka databases. It is emphasized that a significant effect on composition provided by microRNAs in RNA-induced silencing complex induce posttranscriptional degradation long ncRNAs localized cell nucleus. Scientists believe are involved epigenetic gene through chromatin remodeling. shown actively development some liver diseases. reported most important mechanism for expanding spectrum splicing pre-mRNA. authors present results studies show pre-mRNA more than 90 % human genes subjected to presented performed specialized macromolecular formation — suprasplicesome, which megacomplex (21 MDA) nuclear ribonucleroprotein. scientists have proposed two models splicing: kinetic recruitment one. reveal main provisions these models. MicroRNAs Liver disease may be based deficiency factors deregulation caused miRNAs. Disorders splicing, stimulate proliferation, prevent apoptosis support transformation, pathognomonic phenomenon malignant tumors. Thus, constituent miRNAs alteration participation MicroRNA-mediated stability causes change activity expression epigenetically regulated genes. Long Alternative an integral part differentiation contributes tissue specificity. generation various isoforms proteins determine molecular consequences cause pathological conditions.